1 This photo of Sargent's Study of Madame Pierre Gautreau has warmer colors than most Internet reproductions. Wish I knew the original source for the jpg I have on file (36 KB, 320 X 589 pixels). In tone it is almost an exact match with the brochure put out by the Seattle Art Museum for its 2000-2001 Sargent Exhibition, but the current graphics on both the SAM and Tate sites are distinctly cooler. And my own memory? Somewhere in between.
2 Robert Hughes, "A True Visual Sensualist" (Time, 3/29/1999).
3 The source for this may be lost forever as more and more archival pages are withdrawn from public circulation on the Internet. At the height of web optimism, when we believed we'd entered a new area of freely shared words, ideas, and information, printing out Internet pages was the mark of the neophyte. "Save the trees," we cried, "just note the url." I cringe to think I may have taught this to my students as a basic web browsing technique.
4 Richard Sardinha, "Madame V(Elociraptor)" (online portfolios, 2000):
http://www.battleduck.com/pages/imagepages/fantasyimagepages/madv.html
5 Stanley Meisler, "John Singer Sargent" (Smithsonian Magazine, February 1999).
6 Jonathan Jones, "Man Ray's Rrose Sélavy (1921)" (The Guardian, October 27, 2001):
http://www.guardian.co.uk/surrealism/story/0,1339,581609,00.html
7 Henry James in J. L Sweeney, ed., The Painter's Eye: Notes and Essays on the Pictorial Arts by Henry James (Madison: U of Wisconsin, 1989).
8 From the French newspaper Le Figaro at the time. Quoted by Jeanne Claire van Ryzin, "Portrait of a Scandalous Beauty: Austin Playwright Examines the Life of the Woman Known as 'Madame X'" (Austin American-Statesman, Thursday, January 17, 2002):
http://www.austin360.com/aas/xlent/reviews/madamex/17madamex.html
9 Some references state her age as 23.
10 Contemporary critic, Louis de Fourcaud, quoted by Fairbrother in handset commentary at SAM Sargent Exhibition:
http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/sargent/
11 The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1997:
http://www.nelson-atkins.org/collections/american/detail/mrscecil.htm
12 John Malyon, Notorious Portraits: Scandale (Artcyclopedia, October 2000):
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/featuredarticle-2000-10-port1.html
13 Draner, "Le Salon Pour Rire: Nouveau Modele D'as De Coeur Pour Jeu De Cartes." (Le Charivari, May 1, 1884):
http://home.hanmir.com/~liedfan/cartoon46.html
14 Alan Haley, "Art of the Gilded Age" (Part of a High School Curriculum. 2001):
http://wshs.wtvl.k12.me.us/dept/social/alan/ap/chap19/guildart.html
15 John Singer Sargent, Whispers, ca. 1883-84. Charcoal and graphite on paper, 34.4 x 24.7 cm (13 1/2 x 9 3/4 in.). http://www.jssgallery.org/Paintings/Madame_X_Studies/Whispers.html
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Gift of Mrs. Francis Ormond, 1950, from Susan Sidlauskas, "Painting Skin: John Singer Sargent's Madame X," (American Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Fall 2001):
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1073-9300(200123)15%3A3%3C8%3APSJSS%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6
16 "Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopes (1971-2002)" (website, 2002):
http://www.geocities.com/nun6_99/lisalopesmemorypage.html
17 Sargent's close friend Ralph Curtis wrote to his parents after first seeing the portrait at the salon. Evan Charteris, John Sargent (New York: Benjamin Blom, Inc. or Scribner's Sons, 1927).
18 Marie Bashkirtseff, quoted in Susan Sidlauskas, op. cit.
19 Sidlauskas, Ibid.
20 Trevor Fairbrother, "Madame X Revisited" (Lecture, Seattle Art Museum, 1/12/2001):
http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/sargent/programs.htm
21 Eric J. Iannelli, "John Singer Sargent" (Artwell, July,1999):
http://artwell.com/features/archives/o-7-99.shtml
22 Trevor Fairbrother, "In Javanese Girl at her Toilet his application of paint uncannily mimics the make-up that the dancer paints on her face." (Seattle Art Museum handset commentary and website, 2000-2001):
http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/Exhibitions/Sargent/trevor3.htm
For another graphic of this painting, see:
http://www.jssgallery.org/Paintings/Toilet
23 Louis Briel, "Portraits as Intuitive History" (Louis Briel website, 1999):
http://www.louisbriel.com/pages/pro/f-pro.html
24 Joyce K. Schiller, "Woman's World, 1880-1920," from Object to Subject - Exhibition catalog (Reynolda House, Museum of American Art, 2000):
http://www.reynoldahouse.org/wwsocial.htm
This is a comment about another Sargent subject, Countess Laura Spinola Nunez del Castillo, also not a commissioned portrait but a wedding present in 1896 from Sargent to his childhood friend Benjamin del Castillo. -CS
25 Arthur Coleman Danto, Encounters & Reflections: Art in the Historical Present (University of California Press, 1990; reprint, 1997).
How did Diana, virgin goddess of the hunt, become a symbol of predatory sexuality? Possibly that crescent symbol had been adopted by Gautreau in reference to her own name, Virginie. A conceit on the part of a married woman and professional beauty? A remnant of her identity before marriage? Or do we accrete and shed identities? Danto doesn't explain or defend his interpretation, so this association remains an instance of a personal, individual response, brilliantly presented, but telling us as much (more?) about writer as subject. -CS
26 Fairbrother, handset commentary and Lecture. op.cit.
27 Amy Holman Edelman, The Little Black Dress (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997).
28 Alison Lurie, The Language of Clothes. (Owl Books, 2000, reprint).
29 "Nicole Kidman Does Sargent" (Vogue, June 1999):
http://www.jssgallery.org/Resources/Forum/Kidman1.htm
30 M. Kathleen Huffine [Kathleen Richardson] (Weblog, December 2000): http://www.eskimo.com/~strange/litter/declitter00.html.
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© 2001-2002 Cecilie Scott
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